Ubuntu releases are made semiannually by Canonical Ltd, the developers of the Ubuntu operating system, using the year and month of the release as a version number.The first Ubuntu release, for example, was Ubuntu 4.10 and was released on 20 October 2004. Spirit gold mac os.
- The amphibians and reptiles of Iowa's Loess Hills were surveyed from 1969 through 1983. Results of this study were compared with collections made prior to 1969, mostly those of R. Bailey from 1939 through 1946. The area was found to support 21 snake, four lizard, six turtle, ten anuran, and two salamander species. Five species have declined in abundance and seven may have increased.
- Expands the base C185 pack to include a float/amphibian version and expanded bush flight options. Live, on-demand switching between ski, tundra, fairings, cargo pod mode, with some options being mutually exclusive. Float/Amphibian version can be switched live and on demand between the two, and in-door windows and cargo pad can be enabled on the.
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All Theses
Title
Author
Date of Award
8-2010
Document Type
Danmaku kingdom mac os. Thesis
Degree Name
Master of Science (MS) Femida: third trial mac os.
Legacy Department
Wildlife and Fisheries Biology Jetpack joyrider mac os.
Advisor
Baldwin, Robert F
Committee Member
Tonkyn , David W Youfighter mac os.
Committee Member
Space.io mac os. Brown , Bryan L
Abstract
Amphibian declines have been observed globally for several decades and populations continue to decline in many areas today. Through an extensive literature review of amphibian `impact studies,' I evaluated the use of multiple species, multiple spatial and temporal scales in an effort to ascertain a more complete, community-wide perspective on the causes of amphibian declines as well as management and conservation implications aimed at reversing these declines. Additionally, I performed multivariate analysis of an amphibian community dataset from southern Maine, USA using a multi-species and scalar approach to identify potentially important environmental variables associated with high levels of amphibian reproductive effort. By taking a community perspective on amphibian conservation, I suggest that scientists can better assess how multiple species respond to environmental changes and how these changes affect communities at multiple levels of organization. The metacommunity framework can serve as an important starting point for assessing amphibian community dynamics across a landscape because many amphibian life histories have phases that are dependent on multiple spatial scales. Multivariate statistical techniques are useful for the analysis of community data because most ecological datasets are complex, highly-dimensional and are more often robust to the relaxed assumptions of multivariate analyses than to those of more predictive univariate methods. Multivariate techniques can aid in the initial description of the structure of community data as well as in the development of a priori hypotheses. By studying amphibians in their natural community context (i.e., considering their interaction with other abiotic factors) and by recognizing the potential for multiple communities to interact across a landscape, researchers can better understand how and at what spatial and temporal scales amphibians are being impacted by environmental disturbance. My research suggests that amphibian conservation will be greatly served by community approaches because it is likely that communities as functional entities rather than individual species are better, more reliable indicators of environmental disturbance and biological stress. The utilization of a community theoretical approach coupled with multivariate analytical techniques will serve to further our knowledge of the processes contributing to amphibian declines as well as to inform us of the most optimal ways to both address and potentially reverse these declines.
Advisor
Baldwin, Robert F
Committee Member
Tonkyn , David W Youfighter mac os.
Committee Member
Space.io mac os. Brown , Bryan L
Abstract
Amphibian declines have been observed globally for several decades and populations continue to decline in many areas today. Through an extensive literature review of amphibian `impact studies,' I evaluated the use of multiple species, multiple spatial and temporal scales in an effort to ascertain a more complete, community-wide perspective on the causes of amphibian declines as well as management and conservation implications aimed at reversing these declines. Additionally, I performed multivariate analysis of an amphibian community dataset from southern Maine, USA using a multi-species and scalar approach to identify potentially important environmental variables associated with high levels of amphibian reproductive effort. By taking a community perspective on amphibian conservation, I suggest that scientists can better assess how multiple species respond to environmental changes and how these changes affect communities at multiple levels of organization. The metacommunity framework can serve as an important starting point for assessing amphibian community dynamics across a landscape because many amphibian life histories have phases that are dependent on multiple spatial scales. Multivariate statistical techniques are useful for the analysis of community data because most ecological datasets are complex, highly-dimensional and are more often robust to the relaxed assumptions of multivariate analyses than to those of more predictive univariate methods. Multivariate techniques can aid in the initial description of the structure of community data as well as in the development of a priori hypotheses. By studying amphibians in their natural community context (i.e., considering their interaction with other abiotic factors) and by recognizing the potential for multiple communities to interact across a landscape, researchers can better understand how and at what spatial and temporal scales amphibians are being impacted by environmental disturbance. My research suggests that amphibian conservation will be greatly served by community approaches because it is likely that communities as functional entities rather than individual species are better, more reliable indicators of environmental disturbance and biological stress. The utilization of a community theoretical approach coupled with multivariate analytical techniques will serve to further our knowledge of the processes contributing to amphibian declines as well as to inform us of the most optimal ways to both address and potentially reverse these declines.
Recommended Citation
Hawley, Joanna, 'Community Ecology Approaches to Amphibian Conservation' (2010). All Theses. 882.
https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/882
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